Scottish 80 Shilling Export (80/-)
Ale Style Profile

NOTE: In the 2015 BJCP Style Guidelines, The Scottish 80 Shilling 80/-, 70/-, and 60/- are all reclassified as Style 14A Scottish Light, and Style 14B Scottish Heavy, and Style 14C Scottish Export in Category 14 Scottish Ale.

The original meaning of ‘schilling’ (/-) ales have been described incorrectly for years. A single style of beer was never designated as a 60/-, 70/- or 80/-. The schillings only referring to the cost of the barrel of beer. Meaning there were 54/- Stouts and 86/-IPAs and soon.

The Scottish Ales in question were termed Light, Heavy and Export which cover the spectrum of costs from around 60/- to 90/-and simply dark, malt-focused ales. The larger 120/- ales fall outside of this purview as well as the strongest Scotch ales (aka Wee Heavy).

The Scottish Light, Heavy and Export guidelines read nearly the same for each style of beers. As the gravity increases, so does the character of the beers in question. Historically, the three types of beer were pari-gyled to different strengths, and represented an adaptation of English pale ales but with reduced strengths and hopping rates, and darker colors (often from added caramel). More modern versions (post-WWII, at least), tended to use more complex grists.

A Scottish 80 Shilling 80/- is sometimes called "export". It is the strongest of the Scottish ales and will have more alcohol, a bigger malt profile and more hops to balance the malts. It is similar to the other two beers in the Scottish Ale style, the 60/- and 70/-.

You will notice that there is just enough English hops to keep the big malt profile from becoming cloyingly sweet. These days, brewers in Scotland are brewing beers that more closely match the English style bitters.

This category doesn't reflect that and eventually homebrewers and American brewers may be the only ones left brewing the style. This is a nice malty beer that many brewers like to keep on tap as their session beer when the bigger beers are a bit too much.

Traditionally, Scottish 80 Shilling ales require a cool fermentation and a low attenuating yeast to achieve the clean flavor profile. As homebrewers, it is a must that you use temperature control and ferment in the mid 60s (18 - 19°C).

It's not critical that you use an English or Scottish ale yeast, a good neutral ale yeast and cool fermentation temperatures will emulate the clean profile of most Scottish 80 Shilling ales.

Use a good English variety of hops and just enough to keep the malt from being too sweet and cloying. Usually a single addition for bittering is enough. You will usually not notice any hop aroma or flavor in Scottish session beers. Using low hopping rates will keep the beer focused on the malt which is where it belongs in the Scottish 80 Shilling.

Even though you may read otherwise, it is not appropriate to use peat malt in a Scottish 80 Shilling beer. If you must, enter the beer in the other smoked category.

An extensive period of cold conditioning is helpful with a Scottish 80 Shilling. Try to condition at or around 40°F (4.4°C) for at least two months to allow this beer to mellow and clean itself up.

Scottish 80 Shilling Description

Aroma: The Scottish 80 Shilling has a low to medium malty sweetness, sometimes with some low to moderate kettle caramelization. Some examples have a low hop aroma, light fruitiness, low diacetyl, and/or a low to moderate peaty aroma (all are optional). The peaty aroma is sometimes perceived as earthy, smoky or very lightly roasted. These days, many Scottish brewers are adding more hops to their beers and many are becoming similar to English bitters.
Appearance: They are deep amber to dark copper in color, Usually very clear due to long, cool fermentations, and have low to moderate, creamy off-white to light tan-colored head.
Flavor: For all Scottish beers, the balance is toward the malt. In the lower gravity session beers, the malt will be forward but now strong. The initial malty sweetness is usually accentuated by a low to moderate kettle caramelization, and is sometimes accompanied by a low diacetyl component. Fruity esters may be moderate to none. Hop bitterness is low to moderate, but the balance will always be towards the malt (although these days, not always by much). Hop flavor is low to none. A low to moderate peaty character is optional, and may be perceived as earthy or smoky. Scottish 60 Shilling beers generally have a grainy, dry finish due to small amounts of unmalted roasted barley.
Mouthfeel: A Scottish 80 Shilling will have a medium-low to medium body even though it low in alcohol. It will also exhibit low to moderate carbonation, sometimes a bit creamy, but often quite dry due to use of roasted barley.
Overall Impression: These beers are clean and malty with a dry finish, perhaps a few esters, and on occasion a faint bit of peaty earthiness (smoke). Even though this is in the BJCP description, I wouldn't make a beer with peat malt as most judges are more aware of the overuse of that malt in the past. Most beers finish fairly dry considering their relatively sweet palate, and as such have a different balance than strong Scotch ales.
Comments: The malt-hop balance is slightly to moderately tilted towards the malt side. Any caramelization comes from kettle caramelization and not caramel malt (and is sometimes confused with diacetyl). Even though the preceding statement is in the guidelines, it is possible to make a good approximation of this character using caramel, chocolate and roasted barley malts in the recipe. Although unusual, any smoked character is yeast- or water-derived and not from the use of peat-smoked malts. Use of peat-smoked malt to replicate the peaty character should be restrained; overly smoky beers should be entered in the Other Smoked Beer category (22B) rather than here.
History: Traditional Scottish session beers reflect the local ingredients (water, malt), with less hops than their English counterparts (due to the need to import them) and more malt (due to the large amount grown in Scotland).
Ingredients: Scottish or English pale base malt such as Maris Otter, small amounts of roasted barley for color and flavor, (which also lends a dry, slightly roasty finish). English hops. Clean, relatively un-attenuative ale yeast. Some commercial brewers add small amounts of crystal, amber, or wheat malts, and adjuncts such as sugar. The optional peaty, earthy and/or smoky character comes from the traditional yeast and from the local malt and water rather than using smoked malts.
Vital Statistics: OG: 1.040 – 1.054 FG: 1.010 – 1.016 IBUs: 15 – 30 SRM: 9 – 17 ABV: 3.9 – 5.0%.
Commercial Examples: Orkney Dark Island, Caledonian 80/- Export Ale, Belhaven 80/- (Belhaven Scottish Ale in the US), Southampton 80 Shilling, Broughton Exciseman’s 80/-, Belhaven St. Andrews Ale, McEwan's Export (IPA), Inveralmond Lia Fail, Broughton Merlin’s Ale, Arran Dark

References: Information for this page was adapted from the 2008 BJCP Style Guidelines, Brewing Classic Styles, 80 Winning Recipes Anyone Can Brew, by Jamil Zainasheff and John J. Palmer, the article Scotch and Scottish Ales in All About Beer Magazine, by Ray Daniels, and the GABF Style Listings for Scottish Style Light Ale.

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